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According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, a middle-school student who is learning to use abstract reasoning is likely in which stage?

  1. Sensorimotor

  2. Preoperational

  3. Concrete operational

  4. Formal operational

The correct answer is: Formal operational

A middle-school student who is learning to use abstract reasoning would most likely be in the Formal operational stage, according to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This stage is characterized by the ability to think abstractly and use logic to solve problems. The other options are incorrect because A: Sensorimotor - This stage occurs from birth to around 2 years old and focuses on developing motor skills and object permanence, not abstract reasoning. B: Preoperational - This stage occurs from around 2 to 7 years old and focuses on symbolic thinking and language development, but not abstract reasoning. C: Concrete operational - This stage occurs from around 7 to 11 years old and focuses on developing logical thinking and understanding cause and effect, but it is not fully developed abstract reasoning.